Analysis of the Arctic System for Freshwater Cycle Intensification: Observations and Expectations

Michael A. Rawlins¹, Michael Steele², Marika Holland³, Jennifer Adam⁴, Jessica Cherry⁵, Jennifer Francis⁶, Pavel Ya. Groisman⁷, Larry Hinzman⁸, Thomas Huntington⁹, Douglas Kane¹⁰, John Kimball¹¹, Ron Kwok¹², Richard Lammers¹³, Craig Lee¹⁴, Dennis Lettenmaier¹⁵, Kyle McDonald¹⁶, Erika Podest¹⁷, Jonathan Pundsack¹⁸, Bert Rudels¹⁹, Mark Serreze²⁰, Alexander Shiklomanov²¹, Oystein Skagseth²², Tara Troy²³, Charles Vorosmarty²⁴, Mark Wensnahan²⁵, Eric Wood²⁶, Rebecca Woodgate²⁷, Daqing Yang²⁸, Ke Zhang²⁹, Tingium Zhang^30
1Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
²Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
³National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
⁴Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
⁵International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
⁶Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Highlands, NJ
⁷UCAR, UCAR at National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC
⁸University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
⁹U.S. Geological Survey, Augusta, ME, USA
¹⁰Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
¹¹Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
¹²Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
¹³University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
¹⁴Ocean Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
¹⁵Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
¹⁶Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
¹⁷Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
¹⁸Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
¹⁹Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki & Finnish Meteorological Instit., Helsinki, Finland
²⁰National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
²¹University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
²²Institute of Marine Research, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
²³Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
²⁴City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
²⁵University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
²⁶Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
²⁷University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
²⁸Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
²⁹Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
³⁰National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA